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In the past and at present, the Earth is experiencing unprecedented extreme high-temperature environment. Global climate anomalies bring not only the deterioration of living space, but also the destruction of human means of sustainable development. The new energy photovoltaic (PV) industry also withstands the challenge of high temperature environment, which is a direct confrontation between scientific and technological products and natural forces.
Frequent heat wave makes the Solar module industry suffer much
In early July, the World Meteorological Organization reported that the Earth had just gone through its hottest June on record. The sea surface temperature has increased abnormally, and the conditions for El Nino phenomenon (mainly the abnormal warming of water temperatures in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific) have formed again for the first time in seven years. The oceans have long stored large amounts of heat, which are dispersed and transported around the world by ocean currents. If this “climate regulator” is out of control, it will completely change the Earth’s climate pattern, and then lead to catastrophic consequences such as species extinction, so it is urgent to pay attention to climate issues.
Since entering the third stage of industrial civilization, the world is improving the climate problems through various means. The energy revolution led by new energy technologies is the key to curbing greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2019, the world’s major economies have basically announced the deadlines for carbon neutrality goals. Then, the application of new energy represented by PV has witnessed explosive growth. Data from China Photovoltaic Industry Association (CPIA) show that in the first half of 2023, 78.42 million KW of PV power generation was added, accounting for 56% of the total installed power supply. As at the end of June 2023, the cumulative installed capacity was about 470 million KW, second only to coal power. Under the growth situation, CPIA has raised the forecast of global newly-installed PV capacity in 2023 from the original 280GW-330GW to 305GW-350GW. PV modules are accelerating their penetration into global green life.
However, under the current global warming trend, the frequent occurrence of extreme high temperatures in summer is easy to make the working temperature of solar modules exceed expectations, which will reduce the output power and long-term service life, and easily aggravate the heat spot temperature rise leading to the burnout of the module. In a recent statement, the United Nations World Meteorological Organization issued the latest warning that at least one year between 2023 and 2027, the global warming level is likely to exceed the warming threshold set by the Paris Agreement for the first time. The world will experience record high temperature in the next five years. With the normalization of “hot” high temperature days, it may become a new trend to choose modules that are more adaptable to high temperature environments.
Optimize the PID performance to make the degradation at high temperatures controllable
Continuous high temperatures would dramatically increase evaporation, often accompanied by intermittent high humidity, which would amplify the PID effect and cause module failure. PID effect, also known as Potential Induced Degradation, is the module performance degradation caused by ionic migration that occurs under the action of high voltage between the packaging material of the cell module and the material on its upper and lower surfaces, the cell slice, and its grounded metal frame.
Jinergy has focused on the PID pain-point problems to optimize its products. Currently high-quality silicon wafers are used in the cell preparation stage. Moreover, the company gives full play to its technical advantages to strictly control the production process, and adopt more superior packaging materials in the packaging stage, to effectively curb the PID phenomenon through multiple measures. At present, the optimization technology has passed the test of threefold PID standard at the third-party testing institution. It can easily cope with the current environment where high temperature is easy to trigger the PID effect. Its linear degradation rate is very low within the full life circle, which further guarantees the power station’s income under high temperature.
Resist heat spot and ensure safety, making the installation assured under high temperature environment
In addition to the income, the safety of PV at high temperatures is another core problem. The high temperature environment will strengthen the influence of heat spots, aggravate local hyperthermia, and cause local overheating to reduce the output power, which may lead to more serious consequences such as module burnout. Heat spot effect refers to that under certain conditions, the covered or defective area in the series branch of the solar module in the state of power generation is used as the load, consuming the energy generated by other areas, resulting in abnormal heating.
Improving product yield is one of the effective means to prevent the heat spot effect of modules. Jinneng Clean Energy Technology Ltd. (“Jinergy”) continues to optimize the internal production process, and upgrade the digital automatic production, so that the product yield is greatly improved, thus reducing the possible safety hazards in the later use, and assuring the use in high temperature days.
Advantageous features of N-type products in high temperature days
Solar modules have their own parameters for the high temperature environment, namely the “temperature coefficient”, which refers to the degree that the output power of the module changes with the increase in temperature, and the power generation income is positively correlated with the output power. Therefore, a lower temperature coefficient means better power generation performance at the same high temperature environment.
N-type products have the natural advantage of low temperature coefficient. At the standard operating temperature of 25°C, as the temperature rises, the open circuit voltage of the N-type Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPcon) and heterojunction (HTJ) cells is more stable, and the power attenuation due to high temperature is lower. In the same high temperature environment, N-type products have advantage in overall power generation. Superimposed with the impact of installed capacity and module life, this advantage is more prominent in long-term power generation performance.
The summer sun scorches every land equally. The high temperature challenge in the PV industry has begun. But it is certain that with the support of advanced technology and lean production, Jinergy has completed the construction of a holistic N-type ecosystem to meet the strict needs of the market for products. In the future, it will continue to focus on advanced technologies, effectively solve the pain point problems of practical application, and provide reliable, high-quality, and efficient products, thus contributing to the improvement of the future environment.